science

The Right History of Left-handedness

News

We all know someone who’s left-handed.  I am. My dad is. So is President Obama! In fact, about 10 percent of the population is left-handed. But why? Is there some advantage to being left-handed? Is there one to being right-handed? It’s commonplace knowledge that left-handedness was once considered evil. In the 18th century, many teachers went to great lengths to suppress left-handed writing. Students were prohibited from writing with their left hand, and anyone who was caught would be severely punished. Christianity teaches that Jesus is to the right of God, while punishment is on the left. This led to the widespread association of left with the devil, and served as the reasoning for forcing students to write with the right hand—they were sending children down the moral, right path. 

It’s no wonder that being left-handed was considered evil for so long. For starters, it wasn’t (and still isn’t) the norm. Humans have shown time and time again that they will fight anything that is different. Furthermore, the words “right” and “left” have good and bad connotations, respectively. Today, “right” is often used to mean “correct,” but the original meaning was “straight.” In contrast, the word “left” comes from an Old English word for “weak.” In French, the word for “left” originally meant “awkward.” This leaves us with the correct (right) hand and the weak and awkward (left) hand. The right hand was the “correct” hand because it was common to be right-handed, even before lefties were suppressed. 

The practice of converting lefties lasted far longer than many realize. It wasn’t until the 1970s that being left-handed was accepted. Even then, it wouldn’t be for another ten years that this trend would become the norm. Now, forcing children to be right-handed is seen as inhumane. However, in a school computer lab, the mouse is set up to the right of the computer. Left-handed students adapt and learn a little motor control with their right hand. Most of the desks were designed with righties in mind. In the rare case there is a left-handed desk, they’re crowded to the left side of the room or three lefties have to fight over one desk. We don’t force our lefties to be right-handed. Instead, we force them to adapt to our right-handed world. 

Furthermore, being left-handed is deadly. This is not due to the right being better than the left, it’s due to the sheer volume of right-handed people. Since there are more righties than lefties, the world is designed for right-handed consumers. For example, right-handed scissors push into our hands, hurting them. We must hold our pencil awkwardly to accommodate the spirals on notebooks. Pen smears across our paper as we write left to right. Lefties are more likely to get into fatal car crashes. Living in a world that is not designed for you is dangerous from an evolutionary standpoint. 

While it is more dangerous to be left-handed, that doesn’t mean we should avoid being a leftie. These are simply statistics. They don’t reflect the outcome of every left-handed life. 

People are always claiming that being left-handed somehow affects your personality. They say it makes you more creative, more intelligent, or more likely to lead. This is simply untrue. Studies have showed time and time again that there is no link between handedness and personality. That being said, people with psychotic disorders, like schizophrenia, are more likely to be left-handed than right-handed. Researchers are not sure why. 

At the end of the day, handedness doesn’t really matter. It doesn’t say anything about our personality, or how our life will truly end. Being left-handed is nothing more than a fun fact. Be proud of your left hand, cut it some slack, and remind your hand it’s not awkward after all.

A Trip into the Life of Sally Ride

Astronomy and Physics, Earth, News, women in science

Sally Ride was born on May 26, 1951, in Los Angeles, California. She went to a private high school on a scholarship, where she was a bright student and an excellent tennis player. Ride first attended Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania but ultimately graduated from Standford where she majored in physics and English. She went on to earn her Ph.D. from Standford in 1978. There, Ride studied x-rays emitted by stars. 

In 1978, Dr. Ride applied to be an astronaut after seeing an ad in the school newspaper. She was among the first six women to be selected and had to go through intense training. Ride was not a pilot, but she still had to spend time in a plane—just not in the pilot’s seat. Instead, she trained by being the navigator and communicator for the pilot. Ride loved her time in the plane. In fact, she loved it so much that she later got her pilot’s license. Before going to space, Ride worked in Mission Control. There, she was capsule communicator (CAPCOM for short), which serves as the link from ground to space. NASA prefers astronauts at CAPCOM because they know all the astronauts’ slang.

Source: NASA

Unfortunately, as a female astronaut, Ride faced lots of sexism. People were not used to seeing a woman in such a role. Members of the media often asked Ride extremely sexist questions they would never ask her male colleagues. She was asked “Will the flight affect your reproductive organs?” and “Do you weep when things go wrong on the job?” Luckily, Dr. Sally Ride never let the ignorance of the media stop her. 

Finally, in 1983, Ride became the first American woman in space. Ride flew on the space shuttle Challenger, and successfully completed her mission with her crew. On the shuttle, Ride operated a robotic arm that put satellites into space. Two of these satellites were simply communication satellites, but another carried experiments. Then, in 1984, she went to space again, also aboard the Challenger. She was training for a third mission when the Challenger Disaster occurred. Her mission was canceled, and she would never go to space again. In total, Dr. Sally Ride spent 14 days, 7 hours, and 46 minutes in space. 

The thing that I’ll remember most about the flight is that it was fun. In fact, I’m sure it was the most fun I’ll ever have in my life.

Sally Ride

Ride was selected to the Rogers Commission, which investigated the Challenger explosion. She was instrumental in discovering the cause of the disaster. In 2003, she was asked to help investigate the Columbia accident. She is the only person to serve on commissions for both accidents. 

In 1987, Ride left NASA to work at the Stanford University Center for International Security and Arms Control. They educate tomorrow’s leaders of international policy, while also influencing today’s policy. Just two years later, she became a physics professor at the University of California, San Diego. In the 90s, she led NASA outreach programs that allowed students to ask for images of the Moon and Earth. She co-founded Sally Ride Science in 2001, a company that focuses on encouraging students, especially girls, to get into science. There are so many aspects of science that aren’t well known, so Sally Ride Science shows kids what futures lie in science. This non-profit thrives to this day.

Sally Ride Science. Source: NASA

On July 23, 2012, Dr. Sally Ride died. She had pancreatic cancer, one of the most deadly cancers. After her death, it became known that she had a female partner. She had a husband while she was an astronaut, but the marriage quickly ended in divorce. Sally Ride and Tam O’Shaughnessy had been partners for the 27 years prior to Ride’s death. Ride had been very private with her personal life, so the public was unaware of this. Ride is the first known LGBT astronaut. 

Sally Ride continues to be an inspiration to this day. She blended science with humanities as an undergrad. She serves as a role model for both young girls and LGBT youth as her legacy lives on through Sally Ride Science. She is the epitome of strength and perseverance, and I look to her when I find myself faced with sexism. We will never forget Sally Ride. Dr. Sally Ride ensured that the world she left behind was better than when she came. We can all learn a lesson from her.

To read more about Women in Science, check out the links below:

What’s the Deal with Palm Oil?

environment, News

It can be difficult to keep up with the best ways to be environmentally friendly. Recently, palm oil has been placed on the chopping block. However, the palm oil issue is not widely understood. This begs the question: is palm oil bad?

Palm oil comes from the fruit of the oil palm tree, known as Elaeis guineensis to scientists. The oil palm tree is native to Africa but was brought to Southeast Asia by the British in the 1870s. Now, Indonesia and Malaysia produce 85 percent of the world’s palm oil. This is a huge percentage, especially for a place the tree isn’t native to. 

The use of palm oil is more widespread than many realize. Palm oil is in 50 percent of packaged products. It’s in everything from makeup to pizza dough to laundry detergent. And for good reason: palm oil can keep products at the right consistency, it can increase their shelf life, and it has no smell or taste. In addition, it can be used as a cooking oil, like vegetable oil. 

Palm oil is also used because it is harvested incredibly efficiently. According to the World Wildlife Fund, palm oil is 35 percent of the world’s vegetable oil, but only takes up 10 percent of the land. Other oils use up to 10 times as much land to get the same amount of oil. 

Palm oil is not inherently bad—quite the contrary. The basic facts make it seem great, like the perfect oil product. 

Unfortunately, palm oil is often produced in an inhumane or unsustainable manner. Many oil palm tree plantations use child labor. Others pay their workers so little it’s practically slavery. Furthermore, these plantations often replace rainforests, destroying acres upon acres of natural habitat. Many animals, like orangutans, are now endangered due to this activity. Cutting down trees requires a ton of energy, so many harmful hydrocarbons are released into the atmosphere. This, in turn, warms the Earth. 

Massive deforestation. Source: http://www.greenpeace.org.uk

Luckily, palm oil can be sustainably harvested, and there are people who do so. Many small farmers make their entire living off of palm oil, which they are producing in an ethical manner. Boycotting palm oil would destroy these farmers’ livelihood and hurt their countries economies. 

To me, this means that it’s not on the consumer to fix the palm oil problem. It’s on the manufacturer. They must choose to only use sustainably produced palm oil. The consumer can encourage this by buying from companies that can guarantee they’ve done so. 

Palm oil is in far too many products to successfully boycott. Plus, palm oil itself is not the problem. It’s the harvesting. Clearly, it can be done in a sustainable manner, and it’s a shame it hasn’t been. 

Don’t worry too much about palm oil. But if you are, consider buying from companies that can guarantee their oil is sustainable. You can check the Oil Palm Buyers Scorecard to see how your favorite brands hold up.

Opinion: My Relationship with Physics

News, Uncategorized

I have always loved science. As a child, I looked at the stars and saw my future. I dreamed of finally being able to learn about real astronomy in school. I dreamed of being able to take physics. I figured everyone knows astronomy research these days is mostly physics, so as soon as I can start learning physics, I’ll be on my way to being a scientist. I thought I would be the best physics student my high school had ever seen and I would know for sure that physics was my future.  

Instead, I failed a test for the first time in my life. I was heartbroken. I was too dumb for physics. I wouldn’t be a famous scientist. My dreams were over.

Physics was the first class to ever challenge me. I knew, in theory, what you were supposed to do. You ask the teacher for help. Except, I couldn’t do that. I couldn’t bring myself to admit that I couldn’t do physics on my own. I wanted to be perfect at it right away.

Time passed. I became used to physics. I got better. I moved back to being the top of the class, and I considered myself good at physics. However, I still struggled. I struggled to ask for help. I sat next to a boy who was very smart. I thought if I asked him for help he would think I was stupid. I thought it would mean I was stupid.

I did improve, to be fair. I had an amazing physics teacher who welcomed questions. She never made me feel stupid for asking. I could trust her. She made me feel like I would be successful. She encouraged me more than anyone else.

To be honest, physics boys scared me. I didn’t want to be seen as some stupid girl who didn’t know anything. Once, during a project, I disagreed with a boy who everyone saw as very smart. I felt like he wasn’t listening to me because he knew he was smarter than me. Maybe because I’m a girl. But maybe just because that’s how he was. I was right about our disagreement. I felt so frustrated that I had been ignored, that I didn’t push hard enough, that I had fallen silent.

I am not perfect at physics. And I am not some physics prodigy. I’m okay with that.

But I’m still scared of physics boys. I’m scared that because I’m not perfect, they’ll see me as some stupid girl. They’ll think I don’t know what I’m doing. They won’t respect me or anything I say.

I’m in college now. I’m studying astronomy and physics. It’s what I always wanted to do. So far, I don’t enjoy it.

I took honors physics courses both the fall and spring of my freshman year. They were interesting, we had plenty of opportunities to ask questions, and my professors seemed to want us to succeed. But my class was overrun by boys. The second semester there were only 5 girls in my class. I estimate 20 boys made up the rest of the class. The boys controlled the class. A kid in the front row was constantly slowing down progress by asking fringe questions. Another, sort of a friend, shushed me. Others didn’t really listen to me. I felt like they were constantly telling me I was wrong without even stopping to listen to what I was saying.

I felt way in over my head. Everyone knew about scientists and concepts and theories I had never even heard of. These boys exuded confidence, sometimes without anything to back it up. They spoke with big words just to make themselves feel better.

I stopped studying with larger groups of the class. I only had two friends who I felt I could ask questions about physics. One of them told me that he was going to work on a difficult problem with other members of the class, and asked if I wanted to come along. I couldn’t. I couldn’t sit in front of those boys and tell them I didn’t know anything. I wanted to be successful and make friends, but these boys felt like poison.

I don’t know if these boys thought I was dumb because I’m a girl, or just because of the way I am. I don’t know if they thought I was dumb at all. But I do know they think they’re smarter than me. Maybe they’re right. But maybe not.

Both of my professors were male. The first struggled to answer questions in a way the asker could ever understand. The other constantly spoke as if electricity and magnetism were obvious. I couldn’t ask questions in class. I couldn’t reveal that I didn’t know what was going on.

The only one who allowed me to be stupid was our TA. Even then, I could only reveal what I didn’t know at office hours, with no one else around. One time I cried to him after class. The math expected of us was out of line with the math requirements of the class. I was totally overwhelmed and felt like I would never be able to catch up. He eased my worries.

But at the exact same time, a kid from my class rambled behind me about how it wasn’t that hard and I shouldn’t be worried. I felt totally patronized. It’s not that I couldn’t do the math, it was that I didn’t know how. No one had ever taught me it before. Later, my friend confronted him about showing off in front of the class. This kid didn’t seem to understand what was wrong with his actions. He laughed it off. He didn’t care to take stock about how it made any other student in the class feel.

These boys didn’t think before they spoke, ever. Another student made a condescending comment about how not everyone in the class was on the same level mathematically. Shaikly (and with backup from my friends), I confronted him. I told him it sounded rude, to which he replied that he didn’t mean it that way. I told him that he should think before he speaks. I don’t know if that affected him at all.

Another boy in my class told me that the Astronomy and Physics degree was fake physics. He held an air of superiority because he was just a Physics major—no astronomy included. He also bragged because he was Pre-Med. I don’t know how someone decides that physics is the right major to get them to med school, but to each their own.  

In general, I feel like I have to prove myself to these boys. I need evidence that I am not stupid and that I deserve to be taken seriously. Meanwhile, none of these boys have a single problem with each other. They are easy to accept each other’s expertise. They are allowed to make mistakes. I am not.

Even when I write, I constantly feel the need to prove myself. I fact check every little thing. I find only the most credible sources. I can’t have anyone thinking that some stupid girl is sitting behind her computer sprouting nonsense.

This isn’t, of course, to say that all physics boys are bad. My best friend constantly tells me I’m not stupid, and he helps me with all my questions. Another reassured me when I cried on an elevator about a less than ideal test grade. Another once complimented a difficult calculation I had done.

Unfortunately, they’re not enough. I always have to be on guard. I can never show weakness. What if this new boy isn’t one of the good ones? How can I know before it’s too late? The boys outnumber me. Who will be on my side?

I don’t enjoy physics like I used to. I still love astronomy. My wonderful (female) astronomy professor made me hopeful again. I might change my major to just Astronomy. I would have to take fewer physics classes, and I would have the opportunity to explore writing.

But what would these boys say? What would they think of me? I’m afraid they’ll think it’s a cop-out. That I couldn’t handle physics. That I’m stupid.

I know it doesn’t matter what they think. I’ll pick what’s best for me.

I’ll never be free from the fear they’ve instilled within me and how it affected my life. However, I don’t want them to be free to continue this behavior.

There is a constant debate about girls in STEM. Why don’t more girls choose STEM fields? This is why. They’re asked to prove themselves to their peers while their male counterparts sit by, out of the spotlight. It’s exhausting. And I can’t do it. It’s spoiled my relationship with science. STEM has lost me.

I still love astronomy. I still love looking at the stars. Maybe something will change, and I’ll go back to wanting to do research. For now, I’ll stay out of the spotlight. But I won’t stop looking at the stars.

Why Do People Reject Science?

News

Climate change. Vaccines. Evolution. People debate about these topics—and many others—even when they’re not an expert. In fact, many claim to know more than the experts. Why? No one would tell a rocket scientist how to calculate trajectory. No one would tell an open heart surgeon where to begin. And yet, people tell climate scientists the data is wrong. They tell doctors they know more about vaccines then they do. They tell biologists evolution is baloney.

It seems, however, that Americans love science. 79 percent of Americans say that science has made life better for them, and 70 percent support the government investing in science. That being said, these numbers have fallen since 2009. The American people’s trust in scientists has stayed the same for many years.

So why are so many people rejecting science?

What We Want

An article from Science Alert claims that this is all simply psychology. People hand pick their facts to support their conclusion and ignore anything that opposes them. This is known as cognitive bias, and it’s very normal. We’ve known for years that people do this.

It’s all about maintaining the status quo. Even when people see the real facts next to their distorted beliefs, they remain firm. Often, if people accept science, they would have to make a change. It’s easier to reject the things they don’t want to hear than to fix the problem.

Many who don’t believe in evolution cite the Bible as evidence against it. According to the Pew Research Center, nearly 50 percent of adults who attend church weekly don’t believe in evolution at all, while another 24 percent believe that evolution was guided by a “supreme being.” These people probably like having evidence for God. They’ve believed for years that their story of creation is the truth. That isn’t something many would drop because of what scientists say.

What We Hear

Studies suggest that U.S. adults don’t know how widespread some scientific conclusions are. 37 percent of U.S. adults think that scientists do not agree on climate change. The fact is that nearly all climate scientists agree global warming is real and a problem we need to fix. People simply don’t know what scientists know.

It’s easy to see why. Science is becoming a political issue. According to the Center for American Progress Fund, over one-fourth of our current Congress does not believe in climate change. All of these members are Republican, and they account for 60 percent of Republican representatives in Congress. Outside of Congress, 82 percent of Democrats believe that global warming is happening, compared to only 50 percent of Republicans.

Senator Ted Cruz, a former presidential candidate and a Republican representing Texas, does not believe in climate change. In a 2015 interview with the National Public Radio, Senator Cruz said, “the scientific evidence doesn’t support global warming.” He went on to claim that global warming was made up so liberal politicians could get more power. Senator Cruz is viewed favorably with 45 percent of Texans. He influences a lot of people; Texas has the second largest population of any state. If this is what our representatives are saying, what else could we?

What We Know

Another reason why people may reject or mistrust science is because it’s not something they know a lot about. In a study from the Pew Research Center, only 19 percent of U.S. adults with high science knowledge said the risk of side effects from the MMR vaccine were medium or high. In comparison, 47 percent of adults with low science knowledge said the same thing.

To people without a science background, differing opinions may seem to hold the same amount of credibility. Their pediatrician may be drowned out by anti-vax moms on Facebook. Everyone wants what’s best for their kids and their family.

Of course, scientists make mistakes. Many medical symptoms are based off of those for a young white male. Women’s symptoms often go overlooked because they’re not well taught. It’s okay to question science, but the danger comes in rejecting it. In the end, it’s important to make sure that people listen to science. However, we shouldn’t do so in a judgmental or condescending way. We need to be understanding, kind, and respectful. As long as people who reject science are in the minority, we’ll be okay.

How to Send Your Name to the Red Planet

Astronomy and Physics, News, solar system

Almost every child has dreamed of being an astronaut. We look up at the stars and wonder what’s up there. While not everyone will be an astronaut, there are other ways to get your name to space.

NASA has announced a public engagement campaign in which anyone can submit their name to be sent to Mars. The names will be etched onto a chip and sent with NASA’s Mars 2020 rover. The names will be written “smaller than one-thousandth the width of a human hair”, according to NASA.

So far, over 4 million names have been submitted. A single chip can hold over a million names, but I think it’s safe to assume that NASA will be sending more than one chip with the rover.

Everyone who submits their name will receive a “boarding pass” for a flight to Mars. This boarding pass is, of course, for fun, and not a ticket to the Red Planet. It also “awards” frequent flyer points.

Anyone who wants to submit their name has until the end of September to do so. To submit your name, click here.

The rover will launch in July/August 2020 because Mars and the Earth will be close to each other. When they’re closer together, it takes less fuel, time, and money to launch. Therefore, these “close approaches” are simply the best time to launch.

Artist concept of the Mars 2020 rover. Source: NASA/JPL-CalTech

This rover’s main research will be regarding potential life on Mars. The rover will drill into the Martian surface to collect rock and dirt samples. These samples will be set aside, potentially to be brought to Earth in the future. In addition, the rover will look for organic compounds in the rocks. Other functions include testing an oxygen-production method and looking for subsurface water.

NASA’s Mars 2020 rover is going to allow us to understand the Red Planet’s history as well as we understand the Earth’s. In addition, scientists are hoping to answer questions about the possibilities of humans residing on Mars. That goal, however, is a long way away. NASA has recently announced plans to land humans on the Moon by 2024. This is a huge step towards Mars, but the Moon is considerably closer than Mars. Right now, the plan is to land humans on Mars in the 2030s.

Slowly but surely, humanity is going to Mars. It’ll be an exciting thing to watch. Click here for more information on Mars 2020.

The Plight of Pluto

Astronomy and Physics, solar system

Ah, Pluto. Everyone’s favorite (dwarf) planet. For some reason unbeknownst to the general public, scientists stripped Pluto of its planetary status in 2006. Many Millennials seem to feel personally attacked for this demotion. They dramatically claim that losing Pluto is like losing a member of our interplanetary family.

Unfortunately, scientists are right. Pluto is not a planet.

Discovering Pluto

In the 1840s, scientists noticed that Uranus’ orbit was inconsistent with predictions from the physics they knew of at that time. Using math, they concluded that another planet must be out there. Scientists pointed their telescopes to the sky and found Neptune. Even after finding Neptune, many felt that another planet must be out there because Neptune didn’t seem to solve all the problems with Uranus’ orbit. Since it had worked once before, they once again pointed their telescopes to the stars. And they found something.

The arrow points to a dot that moves separately from the background stars. This dot is Pluto. From the Lowell Observatory.

Scientists noticed something that was not a far away star—something close. Something orbiting the Sun. They assumed they had found a new planet because astronomers didn’t yet understand the structure of our solar system. They thought that Pluto was much larger and much farther away. However, as time went by, they calculated an increasing small mass for Pluto.

Eventually, astronomers realized the calculations that led to Pluto’s discovery were wrong. There were no problems with Uranus’ orbit. And even if there was, Pluto’s tiny mass wouldn’t account for this difference.

As time went by, astronomers found more Pluto-like objects in the outer solar system, including Eris. A dwarf planet discovered in 2003, Eris is more massive than Pluto (although a little smaller). This forced astronomers to re-evaluate their definition of a planet.

Defining a Planet

In 2006, scientists gathered at The International Astronomy Union’s General Assembly and tackled the question plaguing astronomy at the time: what defines a planet? They decided that a planet must do three things:

1. Orbit a star.

Pluto does this. Check.

2. Be massive enough to hold itself together in a round shape.

Pluto does this too. Check.

3. Dominate its neighborhood.

Pluto does NOT do this. Pluto lies in a portion of the solar system known as the Kuiper Belt, a region that contains small icy bodies, like a second asteroid belt.

Pluto’s orbit, seen in yellow, goes right through the Kuiper Belt. The planets’ orbits, which are white, each trace out their own area. Source: nasa.gov

To be fair, Pluto is a fairly large object for it part of the Solar System; it’s the second most massive non-planet orbiting the Sun. That being said, some moons are larger than Pluto. Looking at the image above, Pluto definitively does not dominate its neighborhood. Scientists ultimately demoted Pluto (and Eris) to a “dwarf planet.”

More evidence

Tilt with the ecliptic

All eight of our planets lie within the same plane of the solar system called the ecliptic plane. However, Pluto is 17 degrees off of this plane. The only other planet to be off the ecliptic is Mercury, but this difference is easily explained by General Relativity. So the question remains: how did Pluto get off the ecliptic?

Pluto’s orbit is vary different from the others. Source: nasa.gov

One theory is that Pluto may have collided with another object, knocking it out of the plane. Another theory is that Pluto may be a captured satellite from a different solar system. Either way, this orbital tilt is very weird for a planet, but quite normal for a Kuiper Belt object.

Charon and Pluto

Another damning piece of evidence comes from Pluto’s moon, Charon. Charon’s mass is about one-eighth of Pluto’s mass, which is relatively large for a moon. For comparison, our moon is only 1.2 percent of the Earth’s mass. This giant moon doesn’t actually orbit Pluto; instead, Pluto and Charon orbit a spot in between them, outside of either body.

Charon, on the left, is quite large for a moon. Pluto, on the right, is the object that Charon Orbits. Taken by the New Horizons Spacecraft. Source: nasa.gov

Some feel that Charon and Pluto should be considered a binary system. However, Charon’s official classification is one of Pluto’s Satellites.

It is important to note that Pluto’s moons don’t make it a planet. 87 Pluto-like objects are also known to have moons. Also, not all planets have moons; Mercury and Venus don’t.

Sorry folks, Pluto is not a planet

When you look at all the evidence, it’s clear that Pluto isn’t a planet. Pluto was only considered a planet because we didn’t know what our solar system looked like. Once we learned more, we needed to reclassify certain objects. That’s what science is all about—learning and adapting.

Pluto didn’t change, it’s official classification did. This, of course, doesn’t mean that we should forget about Pluto. There is still much Pluto can tell us about our solar system; that’s why scientists continue to study the dwarf planet. However, to say that Pluto is as important in the solar system as the planets is completely false. Regardless of what we call it, Pluto is undoubtedly one of the most loved objects in the solar system.

Check out my other recent posts below!